Scientific experiments need to be replicable, otherwise the credibility of any results you get may become questionable if no one else can demonstrate what you did.

There are more elements to a presentation than just what goes on PowerPoint slides and what you say.

Most scientists at one stage or another are involved in the preparation and submission of an article or paper to a scientific journal.

There is truth behind the saying, “a picture tells a thousand words”, because humans interpret images better than written words.

One of the most important things to remember about effective communication is you need to ensure people understand what it is you’re saying.

Communications can present the greatest risks to a project, as such, most funding organisations will require you to create a communications plan with your project.

A proposal is usually used for requesting funding to do research.

The risk of miscommunications, so, failing to communicate adequately, or misinterpretation, which is communicating in a way that leaves the receiver open to multiple interpretations, can be fairly high.